Official answer to how many countries are in South America (12 sovereign nations vs 13 territories). Includes complete country list with capitals, visa requirements, border crossing tips, and must-see attractions from an experienced traveler.

Discover Earth's 10 largest countries by land area including Russia, Canada and China. Explore size comparisons, governance challenges, surprising geographical facts, and how usable land differs from total area.

Discover Earth's exact circumference (24,901 miles at equator), how it's measured, practical applications for travel & navigation, and comparisons with other planets. Essential geography facts explained.